膜科学与技术

新型聚氨酯/薄水铝石纳米复合膜的制备及气体渗透性能研究

作者：李启照

单位：安徽新华学院，药学院，安徽合肥，230088

关键词：薄水铝石，聚氨酯，纳米复合膜，气体分离

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2020,40(6):79-87

摘要：

本文研究了薄水铝石(氢氧化氧化铝(γ-AlO(OH)))对聚醚型聚氨酯膜的气体渗透性能的影响。以硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3)和DEA为沉淀剂，通过水热机理合成了薄水铝石，并将其与聚氨酯基体结合。薄水铝石制备的最佳温度和时间分别为120℃和24小时。分别采用本体两步法和热相转化法制备了聚氨酯(PU)和聚氨酯/薄水铝石膜。通过XRD(x射线衍射)、FTIR(傅里叶变换红外光谱)、SEM(扫描电镜)和DSC(差示扫描量热法)等测试手段对制备的聚氨酯-薄水铝石膜的均匀性和纳米级分布进行了表征。聚合物的红外光谱测试结果表明，链的迁移率得到了控制，软段和硬段的相分离得到了提高。研究了不同薄水铝石浓度的（5%、10%、15%和20 wt.%）纳米复合膜对纯CO2、N2、O2和CH4气体的气体渗透性能。实验结果表明，通过在聚氨酯膜中增加不透水性薄水铝石纳米粒子，可明显降低膜的透气性。然而，由于薄水铝石含量的增加，对CO2/N2和CO2/CH4混合气体的选择性分别提高了36.5%和46.85%。

In this paper, the effect of alumina hydroxide (γ - AlO (OH)) nanoparticles on the gas permeability of polyether polyurethane membrane was studied. Aluminum nitrate (Al (NO3) 3) and DEA were used as precipitants. The thin bauxite was synthesized by hydrothermal mechanism and combined with polyurethane matrix. The optimum temperature and time of nanoparticle preparation were 200°c and 24 h, respectively. Polyurethane (PU) and polyurethane / boehmite films were prepared by thermal phase transformation. XRD, FTIR, SEM and DSC were used to characterize the uniformity and nano distribution of the polyurethane - boehmite films.The results of FTIR showed that the mobility of the chain was controlled, and the phase separation of the soft segment and the hard segment was improved. The gas permeability of nanocomposite films with different bauxite concentrations (5%,10%,15%, and 20 wt.%) to pure CO2, N2, O2, and CH4 gases was investigated. The experimental results show that the permeability of the membrane can be significantly reduced by adding impermeable thin bauxite nanoparticles to the polyurethane-buhemite film. However, the selectivity to CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 mixtures increased by 36.5% and 46.85%, respectively, due to the increased content of bauxite in thin water.

李启照（1970.10-），男，汉，安徽金寨人，硕士，副教授，主要研究领域为制药工程

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